Kwihlabathi lemveliso kunye neshishini, i-landscape iye yaguqulwa ngonaphakade yinkqubela phambili engapheliyo yobuchwepheshe.Ukutyhubela amashumi eminyaka, i-automation yemizi-mveliso iye yavela kumatshini olula ukuya kwiinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo eziqhutywa bubukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI) kunye nerobhothi.Kule bhlog yebhlog, siza kuthatha uhambo ngexesha lokuphonononga inguqu enomdla yokwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso.
Iintsuku zokuQala: oomatshini kunye neNguquko yezoShishino
Imbewu ye-automation ye-industrial yahlwayelwa ngexesha le-Industrial Revolution ngasekupheleni kwe-18 kunye ne-19th inkulungwane yokuqala.Iphawule utshintsho olubalulekileyo ukusuka kumsebenzi wezandla ukuya kumatshini, kunye nezinto eziqanjiweyo ezifana nejenny yokusonta kunye nesixhobo sokuluka samandla esiguqula imveliso yelaphu.Amanzi kunye namandla omphunga aye asetyenziswa ukuqhuba oomatshini, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nemveliso.
Ukufika kweMigqaliselo yeNdibano
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 yabona ukuvela kwemigca yendibano, eyaqalwa nguHenry Ford kushishino lweemoto.Ukwaziswa kweFord komgca wokudityaniswa oshukumayo ngo-1913 akwanelanga nje ukuguqula ukwenziwa kweemoto kodwa kwamisela umzekelo wokuveliswa ngobuninzi kumacandelo ahlukeneyo.Imizila yeNdibano yokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi, kunye nokuvumela ukuveliswa kweemveliso ezisemgangathweni kwinqanaba.
Ukunyuka koLawulo lwamanani (NC) oomatshini
Ngeminyaka yee-1950 kunye nee-1960, oomatshini bolawulo lwamanani bavela njengenkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo.Aba matshini, balawulwa ngamakhadi epunch yaye kamva ziinkqubo zekhompyutha, babevunyelwa ukuba benze imisebenzi yomatshini echanekileyo nezenzekelayo.Obu bugcisa buvule indlela koomatshini beComputer Numerical Control (CNC), abaxhaphakileyo ngoku kwimveliso yale mihla.
Ukuzalwa kwabaLawuli bokuQiqa beNkqubo (PLCs)
Iminyaka yoo-1960 kwakhona yabona uphuhliso lweProgrammable Logic Controllers (PLCs).Ekuqaleni yayiyilwe ukuba ithathe indawo yeenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ezisekwe kwi-relay, ii-PLCs ziguqule i-automation ye-industrial ngokubonelela ngendlela eguquguqukayo necwangcisekileyo yokulawula oomatshini kunye neenkqubo.Baye baba sisixhobo kwimveliso, ukwenza ukuba i-automation kunye nokubeka iliso kude.
IiRobhothi kunye neeNkqubo zokuVelisa eziGuquguqukayo
Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kuye kwaphawula ukwanda kweerobhothi zemizi-mveliso.Iirobhothi ezifana ne-Unimate, ezaziswa ekuqaleni koo-1960, yayingoovulindlela kulo mmandla.Ezi robhothi zangaphambili zazisetyenziselwa imisebenzi ethathwa njengeyingozi okanye iphindaphinda abantu.Njengoko iteknoloji iphucula, iirobhothi ziye zatshintsha kwaye zikwazi ukuphatha imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ekhokelela kumbono weFlexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS).
Ukudityaniswa koLwazi lweTekhnoloji
Ngasekupheleni kwe-20 kunye nenkulungwane yokuqala ye-21st yabona ukudityaniswa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi (IT) kwi-automation ye-industrial.Oku kudityaniswa kubangele iinkqubo zoLawulo lokuLawula nokuFunyanwa kweeDatha (SCADA) kunye neeNkqubo zokuSebenza koMveliso (MES).Ezi nkqubo zivumeleke ukubeka iliso ngexesha langempela, uhlalutyo lwedatha, kunye nokuphuculwa kokwenziwa kwezigqibo kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa.
Ishishini 4.0 kunye ne-Intanethi yeZinto (IoT)
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ingqikelelo ye-Industry 4.0 ifumene ukuvelela.Ishishini 4.0 limele inguqu yesine yeshishini kwaye ibonakaliswe kukudityaniswa kweenkqubo zomzimba ezinobuchwepheshe bedijithali, i-AI, kunye ne-Intanethi yeZinto (IoT).Ijonga ikamva apho oomatshini, iimveliso kunye neenkqubo zinxibelelana kwaye zisebenzisana ngokuzimeleyo, okukhokelela kwiinkqubo zokwenziwa ezisebenza kakuhle neziguquguqukayo.
Intelligence yoBuchule (AI) kunye nokuFunda koomatshini
I-AI kunye nokufunda koomatshini kuye kwavela njengabatshintshi bemidlalo kwi-automation ye-industrial.Ezi teknoloji zenza ukuba oomatshini bafunde kwiinkcukacha, benze izigqibo, kwaye baziqhelanise nokutshintsha kweemeko.Kwimveliso, iisistim ze-AI-powered zinokwandisa iishedyuli zemveliso, ziqikelela iimfuno zokugcinwa kwezixhobo, kwaye zide zenze imisebenzi yokulawula umgangatho ngokuchaneka okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili.
Iirobhothi eziSebenzayo (iCobots)
Iirobhothi ezisebenzisanayo, okanye i-cobots, yinto entsha yamva nje kwi-automation ye-industrial.Ngokungafaniyo neerobhothi zemveli zamashishini, iicobots ziyilelwe ukusebenza kunye nabantu.Banikezela ngenqanaba elitsha lokuguquguquka kwimveliso, ukuvumela ukusebenzisana kwerobhothi yomntu kwimisebenzi efuna ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ikamva: Ukwenziwa ngokuZimela nokuNgaphaya
Ukujonga phambili, ikamva lemizi-mveliso elizenzekelayo linamathuba anomdla.Imveliso ezimeleyo, apho yonke imizi-mveliso isebenza ngongenelelo olungephi lwabantu, iselundini.Ushicilelo lwe-3D kunye nobuchwepheshe bokwenza okongeziweyo buyaqhubeka nokuvela, kunika iindlela ezintsha zokuvelisa amacandelo anzima ngokufanelekileyo.I-Quantum computing inokwandisa ngakumbi ikhonkco lobonelelo kunye neenkqubo zemveliso.
Ukuqukumbela, indaleko ye-automation yemizi-mveliso ibe luhambo olumangalisayo ukusuka kwiintsuku zokuqala zoomatshini ukuya kwixesha le-AI, IoT, kunye nerobhothi.Inqanaba ngalinye lizise ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuchaneka, kunye nokuziqhelanisa neenkqubo zokuvelisa.Njengoko simi kwincopho yekamva, kucacile ukuba i-automation yemizi-mveliso iya kuqhubeka nokubumba indlela esivelisa ngayo iimpahla, ukuqhuba ukuqamba izinto ezintsha kunye nokuphucula umgangatho weemveliso kwihlabathi liphela.Isiqinisekiso kuphela kukuba indaleko isekude ukuphela, kwaye isahluko esilandelayo sithembisa ukuba yinto engaqhelekanga ngakumbi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-15-2023